Group 8
The Role of Calcium and Vitamin D in Osteoporosis
Why They Matter
Calcium and vitamin D are essential for building and maintaining strong bones. They work together to keep bone structure stable and prevent weakening over time.
What Happens When Levels are Low
When calcium intake is low or vitamin D is deficient, the body cannot maintain normal calcium levels in the blood.
To compensate, it increases parathyroid hormone (PTH), which pulls calcium from bones.
This leads to:
11
6
Increased Bone Breakdown
Accelerated Bone Loss
Higher Fracture Risk
Role of Vitamin D
Vitamin D helps the body absorb calcium from the gut.
When Vitamin D is low:
1. Calcium absorption decreases
2. PTH levels rise
3. Bone resorption increases
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Low calcium or Vitamin D triggers condition called secondary hyperparathyroidism.
This causes:
1. Increased bone density
2. Reduced bone density
3. Greater risk of fractures
11
Muscle and Fall Risk
Vitamin D deficiency does not just affect bones.
It also causes:
Muscle weakeness
Poor coordination
Increased risk of falls
12
12
12
This further raises the chance of fractures, especially in older adults.
Seasonal and Genetic Factors
Bone health can also be influenced by:
1. Lower vitamin D levels in the winter due to reduced sunlight
2. Genetic differences in the vitamin D receptors, which affect bone density and treatment response.
6
6